This article is about the traditional culture of Korea. For the modern cultures, see Culture of North Korea and Culture of South Korea.
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Since the mid-20th ctury, Korea has be split betwe the North Korean and South Korean states, resulting in a number of cultural differces that can be observed ev today.
The traditional dress known as hanbok (한복, 韓服) (known as joseonot [조선옷] in the DPRK) has be worn since ancit times. The hanbok consists of a shirt (jeogori) and a skirt (chima).
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According to social status, Koreans used to dress differtly, making clothing an important mark of social rank. Costumes were worn by the ruling class and the royal family. These upper classes also used jewelry to distance themselves from the ordinary people. A traditional item of jewellery for wom was a pdant in the shape of certain elemts
Common people were oft restricted to undyed plain clothes. This everyday dress underwt relatively few changes during the Joseon period. The basic everyday dress was shared by everyone, but distinctions were drawn in official and ceremonial clothes.
During the winter people wore cotton-wadded dresses. Fur was also common. Because ordinary people normally wore pure white undyed materials, the people were sometimes referred to as the white-clad people.
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Hanbok are classified according to their purposes: everyday dress, ceremonial dress and special dress. Ceremonial dresses are worn on formal occasions, including a child's first birthday (doljanchi), a wedding or a funeral.
Today the hanbok is still worn during formal occasions. The everyday use of the dress, however, has be lost. However, the elderly still dress in hanbok as well as active estates of the remnant of aristocratic families from the Joseon Dynasty. Though this may be changing with something of a modern interest in the traditional dress among some of the young.
Traditionally, the hanbok was a wedding dress that dates back to the 14th ctury. It was a floor-lgth gown with an empire waist, fitted jacket, and sewn with vibrant or pastel colors. The use of the Hanbok in daily wear has dropped significantly over the last handful of decades. Park Hyung Sook has challged the traditional hanbok that Korea is used to. Park Hyung Sook has be designing for decades before she vtured out on her own. She is known to wear her own designs paired with jeans or shorts for a more casual look. Her clothes are meant to be worn either casually or formally, it is not fast fashion but easy.
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For one of her collections, she focused on black and white pieces that can be worn to brunch, the office, or ev formal evts. It is a drastic differce from the rainbow colors that used to be worn by Korea's royalty and upper-class citizs of the Joseon Dynasty, where the colors of your hanbok spoke of your status. Some of Park's designs consisted of mini skirts with ruffles, spaghetti straps, polka dots, and other vivid designs. Park Hyung Sook and her sister Geum Sook, launched their first collection titled GrangHanA in 2014.
Just like most things, wh it comes to changing something that has not changed in many decades, there is always pushback. Wh Park was asked about oping a shop outside of Korea, she was touched. Although many critics of the hanbok told her that the design should be left alone, she countered them. Hanbok is a garmt that is beautiful in its own way, and many have tried to keep it from changing. Many have questioned the logic behind keeping hanbok where it is, within Korea, and not letting it vture out. Many designers have tried to take Hanbok overseas.
The Korean In Me, a designer brand, also released a collection of modern hanbok that has be embraced by people all over the world. Their designs feature embroidered dragons and phoix patterns originally reserved for royalty, and peonies embroidered on wedding dresses represting honor and wealth. Giving the hanbok a meaningful design that links them to the culture and heritage of Korea.
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In rect years, with the rise of atttion to K-Pop, (Korean Pop Music), interest in Korean culture has spiked to an all-time high. Many groups, such as BTS, BlackPink, KARD, and many more, have be praised for showing their culture and heritage by wearing Hanbok in music videos, award shows, and other public appearances.
Rice is the staple food of Korea. Having be an almost exclusively agricultural country until rectly, the esstial recipes in Korea are shaped by this experice. The main crops in Korea are rice, barley, and beans, but many supplemtary crops are used. Fish and other seafood are also important because Korea is a pinsula.
Fermted recipes were also developed in early times and oft characterize traditional Korean food. These include pickled fish and pickled vegetables. This kind of food provides esstial proteins and vitamins during the winter.
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Kimchi is one of the famous foods of Korea. Kimchi is pickled vegetables which contain vitamins A and C, thiamine, riboflavin, iron, calcium, carote, etc. There are many types of kimchi including cabbage kimchi, spring onion kimchi, cucumber kimchi, radish kimchi, and sesame kimchi.
Side Dishes or (Banchan) are commonly eat with meals in Korea. The main dish is almost always served with side dishes. Some commonly eat side dishes are: Kimchi, Pickled Radish, Soybean Sprouts, Glass Noodles (Japchae), Cucumber Salad, and Seasoned Spinach.
A number of dishes have be developed. These can be divided into ceremonial foods and ritual foods. Ceremonial foods are used wh a child reaches 100 days, at the first birthday, at a wedding ceremony, and the sixtieth birthday. Ritual foods are used at funerals, at ancestral rites, shaman's offerings and as temple food.
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A distinguishing characteristic of Temple Food is that it does not use the common five strong-flavoured ingredits of Korean cuisine--(garlic, spring onion, wild rocambole, leek, and ginger), and meat.
For ceremonies and rituals, rice cakes are vital. The colouring of the food and the ingredits of the recipes are matched with a balance of yin and yang.
Today, surasang (traditional court cuisine) is available to the whole population. In the past, vegetable dishes were esstial. However, meat consumption has increased. Traditional dishes include ssambap, bulgogi, sinseollo, kimchi, bibimbap, and gujeolpan.
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Some of teas made of fruits, leaves, seeds or roots are joyed. Five tastes of tea are distinguished in Korea: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and pungt.
Dates are calculated from Korea's meridian. Observances and festivals are rooted in Korean culture. The Korean lunar caldar is divided into 24 turning points (절기, jeolgi), each lasting about 15 days.
The biggest festival in Korea today is Seollal (the traditional Korean New Year). Other important festivals include Daeboreum (the first full moon), Dano (spring festival), and Chuseok (harvest festival).
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In the Goryeo period, jade gre celadon ware became more popular. In the 12th ctury, sophisticated methods of inlaying were invted, allowing more elaborate decorations in differt colors.
In Arts of Korea, Evelyn McCune states, During the twelfth ctury, the production of ceramic ware reached its highest refinemt. Several new varieties appeared simultaneously in the quarter of a ctury, one of which, the inlaid ware must be considered a Korean invtion.
William Bowyer Honey of the Victoria and Albert Museum of gland after World War II wrote, The best Corean (Korean) wares were not only original, they are the most gracious and unaffected pottery ever made. They have every virtue that pottery can have. This Korean pottery, in fact, reached heights hardly attained ev by the Chinese.
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Many Japanese pottery families today can trace their art and ancestry to these Korean potters whom the Japanese captured during its attempted conquests of the Korean pinsula.
There is a unique set of handicrafts produced in Korea. Most of the handicrafts are created for particular everyday use, oft giving priority to practical use rather than aesthetics.
Traditionally, metal, wood, fabric, lacquerware, and earthware were the main materials used, but later glass, leather or paper have sporadically be used.
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Many sophisticated and elaborate handicrafts have be excavated, including gilt crowns, patterned pottery, pots or ornamts. During the Goryeo period the use of bronze was advanced. Brass, that is copper with one third zinc, has be a particularly popular material. The dynasty, however, is most promintly rowned for its use of celadon ware.
This led to more sophisticated pieces of furniture, including wardrobes, chests, tables or drawers. It is part of a craft that goes back well over a millnium, keeping alive a tradition that remains unchanged from at least the sevteth ctury.
It is this tradition that
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