Winter is starting and I saw some questions about this over on Reddit and Every Expat, so hopefully this can help you out. Scroll down to see some labeled sample control panels.
Many people, whether new English teachers or tourists visiting an Airbnb, arrive in Korea and struggle to get their heating and hot water working. All the buttons are in Korean, and the settings can be confusing. This type of heating system is fairly unique to Korea and parts of Asia, so I've taken a few different sample control panels and labeled the buttons for you. Plus I've translated some of the usual buttons/features with some simple explanations to help you get your room and shower piping hot and keep you from freezing to death in the coldest of Korea's four seasons.
It can be a little foreign to new arrivals to Korea, so let me take a minute here to explain a little bit about it.
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Almost all Korean houses and many buildings are heated by a system of hot water pipes that run under the floor. This is the modern version of the ondol system.
Space heaters, central heating ducts, and etc. are fairly uncommon in Korean homes. I read that heating via ondol (i.e. gas heating water that distributed underfloor) has a near 90% efficiency of gas-to-heat whereas electric heaters have just 40% efficiency. Although there is also pure-electric ondol nowadays too.
Water is heated up in a boiler and pumped throughout this network of pipes to heat the rooms. If you're from the USA, you're probably used to the hot water heater just being always on and hot water available whenever you want it. Perhaps you never even gave a thought to where hot water comes from.
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In larger Korean apartment complexes, this is usually similar. The complex maintains large reservouirs of hot water and your in-home control settings will only change how much of it, and when, that hot water is pumped around the floor pipes.
But in many smaller apartments in Korea, you may need to manually (i.e. press a button) turn it on, or have it on a timer if it's not already, either for the hot water generally (for shower, sink, etc) or additionally for the under-floor heating pipes. It's usually two different settings for these two different use cases.
If it's summer, you'll want the boiler set to be on only in the morning (when you take a shower) for example, and you'll definitely want that hot water staying in the boiler and not pulsing through your house heating it up. But in winter you want that hot water circulating and warming the room.
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Different houses/apartments will have different set ups and can vary a lot in how much control you have over the heating, as you'll see from the sample pictures.
Something useful to understand is the difference between, generally, silnae (실내, interior), nanbang (난방, heating), and ondol (온돌, floor heat). Honestly I've been here a long time and still can't figure it out because these ideas are often interchangeable. But here's the basics:
Don't take this too seriously though because plenty of ondol control panels don't even give you the option to choose between these types.
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I'm guessing that with this one above, the middle knob heats the room when turned to the right, but works on a timer when turned to the left (considering that there's no specific button/knob for activating a timer and that the left side is marked as timer mode without degree numbers while the right side has degree markings). That's a bit odd. So to heat the room, you'd want the power on, the bottom-right knob turned to the left, and the middle knob at the 2~3 o'clock position if you're home, 7 o'clock position if you're going out.
This one gives you separate settings for all the modes. So in summer you'd want to make sure only the hot water setting is on (for your shower, sink, etc, but even then probably only in the mornings). In winter you'll want either the floor heat, or the room interior heat. If you'll be out in winter (whether for a few days or even for a week or two) you can set it to away mode to keep it pretty low (usually ~8 degrees celcius) but on (to keep pipe water moving and above freezing). Not sure exactly how you'd set the timer on this one but it's apparently an option.
Timer / Reservation settings These can be interchangeable, so try it out to see what your panel offers. Depending on your panel configuration, you can set certain amounts of time (5 hours, 6 hours, 10 hours, etc) or a reservation where the heat goes on/off at specific chosen times (7:30am~10:00am etc). Often older units will use the first type, newer (especially with full LCD panels) will use the newer. But both are possible.
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This post is fairly old now, and is certainly not the only source for ondol control panel translations. Here are some other sites/blog posts from other sources that may have precisely what you're looking for.
With gas prices rising all over the world, you're going to want to try to reduce your heating bill as much as possible. Here are a few ways to do so.
Most ondol systems let you control the system on a per-room bases. Fancy newer models will let you control this on the heating control panel itself. If you're old-school, you probably have a set of pipe valves under your kitchen sink that look like this:
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These will control the flow to each room. Good luck figuring out which controls which room, unless they're labeled. You can close the valve completely to unused rooms, but this isn't recommended.
Instead, close the value ~70% of the way, to ensure some amount of warm water circulates and prevents freezing and cracking of pipes and seals. The bill for repairing a broken ondol system will be higher than any savings from letting a room freeze solid.
Dry winter air (~30-50% humidity) does a poor job of holding heat. Running a simple and cheap humidifier can help to conserve heat and increase warmth without boosting the gas bill.
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A humid room can reduce expenses and time required to heat the room. They're called가습기 in Korean and are cheap to buy and run. Most use ultra-quiet ultrasonic speakers to vibrate the water out so are functionally silent, unlike the loud big round ones your grandmother used.
Carpets and floor mats can help insulate the home in general, holding in heat and also helping to spread heat around more evenly when specific hot spots and cold spots form. It feels nice too.
Or do like many Koreans (and Japanese) do, and use a heated mat, which uses electricity. Nice for sitting on, even better for sleeping on. Though this probably won't save you much cash.
How To Use Korean Floor Heating & Hot Water System
Hopefully this helped a few folks out there. Over on Reddit people will usually help you out if you can't get it working right. Here's an especially good example of folks helping out on a complex control panel:Please help me figure out my water heater. : korea
There are also plenty of YouTube videos (in Korean, sorry) that go through each type of control panel and demonstrate every single setting. If I had time, I'd go through them all and improve this post. But I'm just one man with work in the morning.
Finally once the cold is gone and the weather heats up, you might also want to take a look at my same treatment of Korean air conditioner remotes:The temperature is hovering around 0 degrees Celsius and I’m sure there are foreigners in Korea trying to figure out their hot water and apartment heating controls.
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Korean apartments are heated by a system of steel or copper water pipes coiled below the floor. This type of floor heating is unique to Korea and is called 온돌, which literally means
. The modern heating system is derived from traditional houses which were built with a kitchen slightlty lower than the rest of the house. The smoke from the kitchen’s fire was channeled under a layer of stones placed beneath the floor. When heated, the stones became hot for extended periods of time. And since heat rises, they kept the air in the house warm. Today, all Korean apartments are built with an ondol heating system. Most Korean restaurants also offer a floor-seating section where patrons can feel the warmth from sitting on the floor.
1. Since the floor is always hotter than the air, it can be uncomfortable to walk around your apartment. My feet always feel like they’re on fire.
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2. Anything located near the floor will get hot. Be careful of the lowest shelf in cupboards. I have seen food melt or simply change in taste.
3. It’s really cold outside, so people tend to crank the heat up when they get home. It then becomes too hot and we end up having to opens the windows. The ondol takes longer to heat up the apartment than a traditional ventilation system and it also takes
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