Are a group of islets in the Sea of Japan betwe the Korean pinsula and the Japanese archipelago, administered by South Korea. The Liancourt Rocks comprise two main islets and 35 smaller rocks; the total surface area of the islets is 0.187554 square kilometres (46.346 acres) and the highest elevation of 168.5 metres (553 ft) is on the West Islet.
While South Korea controls the islets, its sovereignty over them is contested by Japan. North Korea also claims the territory. South Korea classifies the islets as Dokdo-ri, Ulleung-eup, Ulleung County, North Gyeongsang Province,
The Liancourt Rocks consist of two main islets and numerous surrounding rocks. The two main islets, called Seodo (Korean: 서도 ; Hanja: 西島 , Western Island) and Dongdo (동도 ; 東島 , Eastern Island) in Korean, and Ojima (男島, Male Island) and Mejima (女島, Female Island) in Japanese, are 151 metres (495 ft) apart.
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The Western Island is the larger of the two, with a wider base and higher peak, while the Eastern Island offers more usable surface area.
Volcanic rocks formed in the Cozoic era, more specifically 4.6 to 2.5 million years ago. A total of 37 of these islets are recognized as permant land.
The total area of the islets is about 187, 554 square metres (46.346 acres), with their highest point at 168.5 metres (553 ft) on the West Islet.
Dokdo, Korean Territory Historically, Geologically, And Under Int'l Law
The western islet consists of a single peak and features many caves along the coastline. The cliffs of the eastern islet are about 10 to 20 metres (33 to 66 ft) high. There are two large caves giving access to the sea, as well as a crater.
The western islet is located at 37°14′31″N 131°51′55″E / 37.24194°N 131.86528°E / 37.24194; 131.86528 (West Islet ) and the Eastern Islet is located at 37°14′27″N 131°52′10″E / 37.24083°N 131.86944°E / 37.24083; 131.86944 (East Islet ) .
The Liancourt Rocks are situated at a distance of 211 kilometres (114 nmi) from the main island of Japan (Honshu) and 216.8 kilometres (117.1 nmi) from mainland South Korea. The nearest Japanese island, Oki Islands, is at a distance of 157 kilometres (85 nmi),
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Owing to their location and small size, the Liancourt Rocks can have harsh weather. If the swell is greater than 3 to 5 metres, th landing is not possible, so on average ferries can only dock about once in forty days.
Overall, the climate is warm and humid, and heavily influced by warm sea currts. Precipitation is high throughout the year (annual average—1, 383.4 millimetres or 54.46 inches), with occasional snowfall.
Fog is common. In summer, southerly winds dominate. The water around the islets is about 10 °C (50 °F) in early spring, wh the water is coldest, warming to about 24 °C (75 °F) in late summer.
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About 49 plant species, 107 bird species, and 93 insect species have be found to inhabit the islets, in addition to local marine life with 160 algal and 368 invertebrate species idtified.
Although betwe 1, 100 and 1, 200 litres of fresh water flow daily, desalinization plants have be installed on the islets for human consumption because existing spring water suffers from guano contamination.
According to historical records, there used to be trees indigous to Liancourt Rocks, which have supposedly be wiped out by overharvesting and fires caused by bombing drills over the islets.
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Records of the human impact on the Liancourt Rocks before the late 20th ctury are scarce, although both Japanese and Koreans claim to have felled trees and killed Japanese sea lions there for many decades.
There are serious pollution concerns in the seas surrounding the Liancourt Rocks. The sewage water treatmt system established on the islets has malfunctioned, so sewage produced by inhabitants of the Liancourt Rocks, such as South Korean Coast Guards and lighthouse staff, is being dumped directly into the ocean. Significant water pollution has be observed; sea water has turned milky white, sea vegetation is progressively dying off, and calcification of coral reefs is spreading. The pollution is also causing loss of biodiversity in the surrounding seas. In November 2004, eight tons of malodorous sludge was being dumped into the ocean every day.
In February 2017, there were two civilian residts, two governmt officials, six lighthouse managers, and 40 members of the coast guard living on the islets.
Facts About Dokdo
Since the South Korean coast guard was st to the islets, civilian travel has be subject to South Korean governmt approval; they have stated that the reason for this is that the islet group is designated as a nature reserve.
In March 1965, Choi Jong-duk moved from the nearby Ulleungdo to the islets to make a living from fishing. He also helped install facilities from May 1968. In 1981, Choi Jong-duk changed his administrative address to the Liancourt Rocks, making himself the first person to officially live there. He died there in September 1987. His son-in-law, Cho Jun-ki, and his wife also resided there from 1985 until they moved out in 1992. Meanwhile, in 1991, Kim Sung-do and Kim Shin-yeol transferred to the islets as permant residts, still continuing to live there. In October 2018, Kim Sung-do died, thus Kim Shin-yeol is the last civilian residt still living on the islands.
The South Korean governmt gave its approval to allow 1, 597 visitors to visit the islets in 2004. Since March 2005, more tourists have received approval to visit. The South Korean governmt lets up to 70 tourists land at any giv time; one ferry provides rides to the islets every day.
Islands Of Ire: The South Korea–japan Dispute
Sovereignty over the islands has be an ongoing point of conttion in Japan–South Korea relations. There are conflicting interpretations about the historical state of sovereignty over the islets.
South Korean claims are partly based on referces to an island called Usan-do (Korean: 우산도 ; Hanja: 于山島 /亐山島 ) in various medieval historical records, maps, and cyclopedia such as Samguk Sagi, Annals of Joseon Dynasty, Dongguk Yeoji Seungnam, and Dongguk munhon bigo. According to the South Korean view, these refer to today's Liancourt Rocks.
Japanese researchers of these documts have claimed the various referces to Usan-do refer at differt times to Jukdo, its neighboring island Ulleungdo, or a non-existt island betwe Ulleungdo and Korea.
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The Liancourt Rocks were designated as a breeding ground for band-rumped storm petrels, streaked shearwaters, and black-tailed gulls as Natural Monumt #336 of South Korea on November 29, 1982.South Korea calls it Dokdo, which means solitary islands. Japan calls it Takeshima, which means bamboo islands. And it has also been known as the Liancourt Rocks, named by French whalers after their ship in 1849.
The islands themselves consist of two main islands and about 30 smaller rocks. A South Korean coastguard detachment has been stationed there since 1954.
The island grouping was formally placed under the jurisdiction of Uldo county in 1900, it said, but annexed by Japan in 1905 ahead of its colonisation of the Korean peninsula.
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Dokdo was rightly restored to Korea after World War II, it says. Dokdo is an integral part of Korean territory historically, geographically and under international law, it says on a government website dedicated to the issue.
But Japan's Foreign Ministry says on its website that Japan established sovereignty over the islands by the mid 17th Century, its sailors using it as a navigational port, docking point for ships and a rich fishing ground.
It says it then incorporated the islands into modern-day Shimane prefecture in 1905. South Korea acted illegally by declaring them its territory in 1952, it says, because they were not included in territory to be returned under the San Francisco Peace Treaty.
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The occupation of Takeshima by the ROK (South Korea) is an illegal occupation undertaken on no basis of international law, the ministry of foreign affairs says.
The islands are in good fishing grounds and it is thought that gas reserves may also lie nearby, although their amount is not clear.
But the islands also symbolise the lingering historical grievances between the two nations, which have their roots in Japan's lengthy colonisation of Korea.
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And as recently as July 2012, Japan filed a formal diplomatic protest with South Korea after a man rammed his truck against the gate of its embassy in Seoul to protest against Japan's claim to the islands.The Dokdo Islands are the center of a diplomatic dispute between South Korea and Japan that goes back more than 300 years.
In the middle of the Sea of Japan, almost equidistant between Japan and Korea, jut two seemingly inconsequential craggy islets. They are no larger than Grand Central Terminal and yet the Liancourt Rocks—or Dokdo Islands or Takeshima Islands depending on who is asking—are at the center of a diplomatic dispute between the two countries that goes back more than 300 years.
Though the Dokdo—meaning ‘Solitary Island’ in Korean—are not an obvious tourist destination (the journey from the Korean peninsula involves two three-hour boat trips and most of the island is inaccessible) enthusiastic Korean patriots visit the rocks in droves to exercise what they see as a civic duty. They wave flags, take selfies, play music, and walk along the promenade, taking in the dramatic coastline that they claim as their own.
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“[Koreans] are very protective of their culture and their race—they want to protect
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