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Korean, known in the language itself as Kugo, is the language of the Korean Peninsula in northeast Asia. In the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK, or North Korea) there are 20 million speakers and in the Republic of Korea (ROK, or South Korea) there are 42 million speakers. Korean is also spoken by almost 2 million people in China, mainly in provinces bordering North Korea. There are approximately half a million speakers in Japan and Russia, as well as significant numbers in the United States (over 600, 000) with large communities on the west coast and in New York. Other communities are found in Singapore, Thailand, Guam, and Paraguay. The total number of speakers is 72 million (Grimes 1992).
Korean has been listed as a critical language by the American State Department because of our strategic business and security interests in the Korean-speaking world, as well as a heritage language due to the number of American citizens of Korean heritage. North Korea was declared a palpable threat in 2003 after they tested nuclear weapons despite the disapproval of the United Nations. South Korea is one of our largest East Asian trading partners. In 2007 the United States exported $$ 34, 644.8million to South Korea, an amount on par with some of our English-speaking trade partners. This amount has increased by 582% since 1985. In 2007 the United States has imported $47, 562.3 million in goods from these countries, an increase of 475% since 1985.
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According to the 2000 census there are 900, 000 Korean speakers in the United States. In 2006, 7, 145 higher education students were studying Korean and in 2000 202 students in grades 7-12. (Source: http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=76&menu=004)
Although classified as a language isolate, many theories have been proposed to explain the origin of Korean. The most prominent of these link Korean to the Altaic languages of central Asia, a family that includes Turkish, Mongolian, and the Tungusic (for example, Manchu) languages of Siberia. Others would argue for the inclusion of Uralic languages (Hungarian and Finnish) and Japanese in this macro family. Although not definitively proven, this affiliation is accepted by most Korean linguists and deemed likely by Western linguists as well. The competing theory associates Korean with the Dravidian languages of southern India, or to Austronesian languages.
Determining Korean's linguistic affiliation is complicated by a long history of contact with the Japanese and Chinese languages. Not surprisingly, Korean shares certain linguistic features with each of these languages.
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Officially, there are two standard varieties of Korean in Korea: the Seoul dialect in South Korea and the Phyong'yang dialect in North Korea. The dialects are distinguished and regulated by each country's national language policy.
Regional dialects roughly correspond to province boundaries. Thus, South Korean regional dialects are Kyonsang, Chungchong, Cholla, and Cheju Island. The North Korean regional dialects are Hamkyong, Pyongan, Hwanghae. Some of the dialects are not easily mutually intelligible.
The Korean language is part of a northern Asian language known as Altaic, that includes Turkish, Mongolian and Japanese, suggesting early Northern migrations and trade. Korean was also heavily influenced by Chinese, but have adopted its own writing system in the 16th century.
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Korean is among the world's most misunderstood and misrepresented languages because its origins are obscure and the subject of ongoing scholarly debate. Evidence suggests that Korean and Japanese belong to the Altaic language family, which also includes Turkish and Mongolian. Chinese, although it belongs to a completely different language family, influenced Korean greatly. Many believe that the language emerged from a single cultural source. But just as the Korean people of today did not descend from a single homogeneous race, the Korean language of today did not evolve from a single language. Various groups who populated the Korean peninsula in ancient times merged into a homogeneous people with a single language during the unifications of the sixth to the fourteenth century. By the fifteenth century, Korean had emerged as the language we now know.
The modern Korean writing system, han'gul, was devised in 1443 during the reign of King Sejong, perhaps the greatest monarch of the Yi Dynasty (1392-1910). Before han'gul, other Korean scripts used a complex system of Chinese characters to represent the sounds of Korean. But because of the differences between Chinese and Korean, Chinese characters could not adequately denote Korean speech. Further, only the elite could afford the time necessary to study Chinese, so King Sejong (1397-1450) commissioned the invention of a phonetic script both more efficient and more accessible to the common people. Described as one of the most scientific alphabets ever devised, han'gul consists of 24 letters: 14 consonants and 10 vowels. Combinations of these letters represent 5 double consonants and 11 dipthongs. The letters, grouped in clusters of 2, 3, or 4, form syllables and words. The invention of han'gul marks a major achievement in the history of Korean culture because it has contributed to one of the highest literacy rates in the world.
A variety of grammatical forms reveal the high value Koreans traditionally placed on expressing and receiving respect. Korean verbs have several forms to indicate the inferior, equal, or superior status of one speaker to another. Koreans now use only a few respectful styles, a change reflecting growth of the middle class and greater social equality.
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Modern Korean still reflects China's deep influence over centuries. Roughly half the Korean vocabulary consists of words derived from Chinese, mainly through the Confucian classics. Today South Koreans generally use a hybrid writing system in which words derived from Chinese are written with Chinese characters, while Korean words are written in han'gul. (North Koreans totally eliminated Chinese characters and write even Chinese words in han'gul.) Despite word borrowing, Korean is completely distinct from Chinese, in sound and in sentence structure.
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We've compiled resources to help you cut through the stereotypes surrounding North Korea and more deeply examine the country, its people, and the complexities of its politics and nuclear program.Which East Asian language to learn? Mandarin Chinese or Japanese, or Korean? Which is more useful or valuable, or easy? This article will help you to choose between three!
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Globalization has made it impossible for people to rely solely on their mother tongue. That’s the reason career choices in languages are higher today than ever.
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With so many options, choosing the right foreign language to learn is more crucial than ever. The three most sought-after East Asian tongues are Japanese, Mandarin Chinese, and Korean.
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The East Asian countries are some of the most vibrant, dynamic, diverse cultures, and intellectually rich regions globally. Realizing the Asian Century, the rising importance of East Asia in the 21st century offers exciting career opportunities.
Thanks to the emergence of Japan, South Korea, and the People’s Republic of China in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, the East Asian economic powerhouses, with their giant international companies, expanded their business footprints in India and globally.
They took advantage of India’s new economic liberalization business policy of the Government of India. It has brought these countries and the need to learn these languages in preference to the famous European languages into sharp focus.
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China, Japan, and South Korea are among the top five countries with the most international patent applications. East Asia’s growing importance in the 21st century offers exciting opportunities and challenges to students seeking successful careers across every field of endeavor.
It enhances your potential business and job opportunities, not only in Chinese, Korean, or Japanese firms. But it also helps in the markets deal with companies in China, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, and other East or Southeast Asian countries.
Language Jobs are paid well since there aren’t many people who know it. Learning might help you to get a job in various sectors and industries.
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The need to learn East Asian Languages couldn’t have been higher than it is today. It is the reason several Indian Universities and learning centers are offering Mandarin, Japanese, and Korean.
If you wish to study one of the East Asian languages, the first few questions that come to our mind are: “What is easier to learn: Mandarin vs. Japanese vs. Korean?”
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More young Indians are studying Chinese these days for obvious reasons. Chinese is a group of languages spoken by over 1.3 billion native speakers worldwide.
Mandarin is considered a native language by about two-thirds of China’s inhabitants, and it is the single most commonly spoken language on the planet.
The vast population means
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