Healthcare in South Korea is universal, although a significant portion of healthcare is privately funded. South Korea's healthcare system is based on the National Health Insurance Service, a public health insurance program run by the Ministry of Health and Welfare to which South Koreans of sufficit income must pay contributions in order to insure themselves and their depdants, and the Medical Aid Program, a social welfare program run by the ctral governmt and local governmts to insure those unable to pay National Health Insurance contributions. In 2015, South Korea ranked first in the OECD for healthcare access.
Satisfaction of healthcare has be consisttly among the highest in the world – South Korea was rated as the second most efficit healthcare system by Bloomberg.
The introduction of health insurance resulted in a significant surge in the utilization of healthcare services. Healthcare providers are overburded by governmt taking advantage of them.
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After the Korean War ded in 1953, South Korea's medical infrastructure and healthcare system needed atttion. To help Korea get back on its feet, the University of Minnesota and Seoul National University launched the Minnesota Project from 1955 to 1961. This project familiarized South Korean health professionals with medical methodology and cultivated a new wave of health leaders. It also increased public knowledge of proper sanitation and organized hospitals by the departmt. Due to the success it received, the Minnesota Project is accredited with pushing Korea's healthcare industry into what it is today.
In December 1963, South Korea implemted their first health insurance law: the Medical Insurance Act. This allowed companies to provide voluntary health insurance to its employees.
Th in 1977, the law was revised to make health insurance mandatory. Presidt Park Chung-Hee also mandated employee medical insurance in firms of 500 or more employees and introduced the Medical Aid Program which provides medical services for low-income citizs. Insurance would th proceed to be provided for governmt workers in 1979 and self-employed individuals in 1981.
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Coverage would continue to expand, and in a mere 12 years, in 1989, national health insurance (NHI) extded to the tire country, providing universal health care for all citizs.
In 2000, the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS; Korean: 국민건강보험 ; RR: Gukmin Geongang Boheom), was founded to combine all health insurances into a single national health insurer.
As of 2006, about 96.3% of South Korea's total population is under the National Health Insurance Program (57.7% employee insured, 38.6% self-employed insured) while the remaining 3.7% of the population is covered by the Medical Aid Program.
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The quality of South Korean healthcare has be ranked as being among the world's best. It had the OECD's highest colorectal cancer survival rate at 72.8%, significantly ahead of Dmark's 55.5% or the UK's 54.5%. It ranked second in cervical cancer survival rate at 76.8%, significantly ahead of Germany's 64.5% or the U.S. at 62.2%.
Hemorrhagic stroke 30-day in-hospital mortality per 100 hospital discharges was the OECD's third lowest at 13.7 deaths, which was almost half the amount as the U.S. at 22.3 or France's 24 deaths. For Ischemic stroke, it ranked second at 3.4 deaths, which was almost a third of Australia's 9.4 or Canada's 9.7 deaths. South Korean hospitals ranked 4th for MRI units per capita and 6th for CT scanners per capita in the OECD. It also had the OECD's second largest number of hospital beds per 1000 people at 9.56 beds, which was over triple that of Swed's 2.71, Canada's 2.75, the UK's 2.95, or the U.S. at 3.05 beds.
Much of the advancemt of the South Korean healthcare system are due in part to the training and programs that South Korea put many of its health care providers through to maintain their high rankings amongst other OECD rated nations. For example, at the Kyung Hee University Medical Cter, medical studts are taught not only traditional eastern care methods, but also western medical techniques along with more complex and comprehsive Korean treatmts. Another example of this is a portion of medical studt studies at the same medical facility where studts learn about dermatological practices that can allow patits to heal faster post-surgery.
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While not all medical studts will require the knowledge of each specialty they learn during their medical training in South Korea, these programs sures that new medical personnel have a broader understanding of the medical field and can better prepare them for the complexities of the modern medical world more effectively than many other leaning nations. Many nations do not have training programs for nurses and other CNL studts that provide them with international knowledge of healthcare. South Korea is one of the few nations who as begun developing value in their medical teachings by introducing the rapidly advancing medical techniques at the CNL level for its studts. While the American Association of Colleges of Nursing stresses that all nurse leaders should understand the total healthcare system, including its organizational and financial methods at an international level, these teachings have primarily be only in lecture or other observational methods. Few systems were found in nations outside of South Korea where medical studts participated in medical care techniques taught in other nations, and few journals have addressed this gap in knowledge.
However, improvemts in South Korea's health care system have not come without costs to the nation. Due to the currt health care laws in South Korea, all of its citizs have the right to receive healthcare treatmt. While a large portion of their health care system is paid by private organizations, governmt spding on the healthcare system is continual strained as South Korea experices rapid growth. While private healthcare spds more than 715.9 billion Korean Won (about $544 million), the governmt still pays over 21, 588 billion Korean Won (about $1.64 billion) to subsidize their health care system.
This ormous cost has put strain on a nation that is struggling to provide governmt income to such programs due to its rapidly aging nation who can no longer work and likely requires the same medical befits. The nation has struggled with these costs to the point where the South Korean Governmt has expericed deficits of over 4130 billion Korean won. This has caused legislative changes that allow the governmt to add more funds to the National Insurance Act fund which is in desperate need of it. This was primarily se as a temporary adjustmt to assist the South Korean Governmt until such a time as healthcare spding could be brought to reasonable levels and the NHI's deficit could be more easily managed.
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Social health insurance was introduced with the 1977 National Health Insurance Act, which provided industrial workers in large corporations with health insurance.
The program was expanded in 1979 to include other workers, such as governmt employees and private teachers. This program was thereafter progressively rolled out to the geral public, finally achieving universal coverage in 1989.
Despite being able to achieve universal health care, this program resulted in more equity issues within society as it grouped people into differt categories based on demographic factors like geographical location and employmt type.
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The healthcare system was initially reliant on not-for-profit insurance societies to manage and provide health insurance coverage. As the program expanded from 1977 to 1989, the governmt decided to allow differt insurance societies to provide coverage for differt sections of the population in order to minimize governmt intervtion in the health insurance system. This evtually produced a very inefficit system, which resulted in more than 350 differt health insurance societies.
This new service became a single-payer healthcare system in 2004. The four-year delay occurred because of disagreemts in the legislature on how to properly assess self-employed individuals in order to determine their contribution.
In the year 2000, the National Health Insurance Act introduced the Mandatory Designation System on hospitals and clinics. Under this system, all hospitals and clinics in South Korea are required to be designated as medical care institutions and are obligated to offer medical care services to rollees of the National Health Insurance Program, which includes nearly all citizs.
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The insurance system is funded by contributions, governmt subsidies, and tobacco surcharges and the National Health Insurance Corporation is the main supervising institution. As of 1 January 2021, the applicable premium rate, including long-term care insurance, is approximately 7.65% of the monthly wages (currtly capped at a monthly contribution of KRW 7, 047, 900 in total, subject to change in 2022); split equally betwe employers and employees at approximately 3.825% each. The employee contributions to the NHI program are deductible in calculating taxable income.
The total expditure on health insurance as a perctage of gross domestic product has increased from 4.0% in 2000 to 7.1% in 2014.
The National Health Insurance Corporation, which is overse by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, is responsible for providing healthcare through the National Health Insurance Service. South Koreans are required to contribute to the NHIS through payroll taxes to insure themselves and their depdants. An average of 5% of payroll is deducted out of employees' monthly incomes, divided betwe the employee and the employer. The self-employed are required to pay contributions through taxes based on their income level. Low-income households unable
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