Daewoo Precision Industries K2 assault rifle is the standard service rifle of the South Korean military. It was developed by the South Korean Agcy for Defse Developmt and manufactured by SNT Motiv (formerly Daewoo Precision Industries) and Dasan Machineries (since 2016). Shoulder-fired and gas-operated, the K2 is capable of firing both 5.56×45mm NATO and .223 Remington ammunition; however, using .223 Remington is only recommded for practicing for short distance.
The K2 supplanted the M16A1 assault rifle as the primary infantry weapon for the South Korean military since its adoption in 1985,
In the 1960s, the Republic of Korea Armed Forces relied completely upon military support from the United States to supply its small arms, consisting mostly of M1 Garands and M1/M2 carbines. Attempts at the time to develop an indigous rifle were hampered by the country's economic, technological, and industrial shortcomings, and initial attempts never wt into production. During South Korean involvemt in the Vietnam War, South Korean army soldiers and marines received the more modern M16A1 assault rifle from U.S. military aid, though not ough to arm all active military personnel. With a modern rifle design and rapid economic growth in the 1970s, South Korea began to build the M16A1 (Colt Model 603K) under licse in 1974.
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Despite being able to produce their own service rifle, it was not an ideal arrangemt; the original licse agreemt did not cover ough weapons to equip their forces including millions of reserves, and having to pay licse fees to manufacture the design was too expsive at a time wh the country was short on foreign currcy. Geopolitical considerations played a factor, as the Nixon Doctrine and Carter administration's use of the U.S. military presce on the Korean pinsula as leverage to force change against South Korea's human rights practices. Under such influces, South Korea felt it necessary to be able to control their own basic weapon needs.
Facing the evtual expiration of the licse to produce the M16A1, presidt Park Chung Hee, who strongly believed in self-reliance in national defse, ordered the developmt of an indigous standard military firearm.
An indigous rifle program started in 1972. Initial requiremts were for prototypes to be chambered in 7.62×51mm NATO as it was the only standardized ammunition for the Western Bloc. Prototypes XB-1 through XB-5 were akin to AR-15-series rifles with some exterior changes; designers attempted to use as many M16 componts as possible to save time and money, such as the direct gas impingemt operation, sights and handguards. In 1975, the XB-6 prototype with long-stroke gas piston was created, and converted into 5.56×45mm NATO chambered XB-7 in 1977.
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By 1982, the final prototype model XB-7C (XK2) was completed, and small amount was handed for field tests. It wt into full-scale production and was officially fielded to the Republic of Korea Armed Forces in 1985.
After the K2 was adopted, hardly any changes were made to the gun for nearly 30 years. There were several reasons for this: the ROK Army maintained a Cold War-style mtality that favored tanks and artillery against an outdated North Korean threat, leaving less money and urgcy to modernize infantry weapons and tactics; the manufacturer had be producing ts of thousands of rifles each year since the 1970s without competition for domestic customers that didn't request upgrades, leaving no motivation to make changes; and various managemt and ownership changes created internal chaos making it difficult to conduct research and developmt. Special forces units had more of a need to upgrade K-series weapons with new optics and accessories, so they turned to private companies to develop add-on rail systems. Because they were being supplied many non-standard rails from various companies, the regular ROK Army standardized the MIL-STD-1913 rail in 2013 for the PVS-11K red dot sight, which on the K2 is only a short rail on the upper receiver, since it is made with an optics mount on the receiver to attach it and regular troops have less of a need for additional rails.
The K2 and K1A had become outdated for international markets after 2000; in addition to lack of ability to add accessories, the K1A had become too large, underpowered and un-ergonomic as a personal defse weapon or special operation carbine and the K2 was too long. In 2012, S&T Motiv introduced the K2C, or K2 Carbine. It has a shorted 310 mm (12 in) barrel with adjusted gas piston, upper receiver/handguard Picatinny rail, and right side-folding M4-style retractable stock; it weighs 3.3 kg (7.3 lb), is 875 mm (34.4 in) long with stock extded and 570 mm (22 in) with stock folded. In 2013, a new tan-painted K2C with Magpul CTR stock and detachable rear sight was unveiled, but not actually produced.
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S&T Motiv developed the K2A to hance its domestic appeal, which retained the full-lgth K2's features (including bayonet lug) and utilized the upgrades of K2C, such as the Picatinny rail on the upper receiver and handguard, as well as an Colt M4-style collapsible stock.
Afterward, the K2A was ramed to K2C1. The C in the name represted that only the exterior design was modified, without any hancemts made to its performance, in accordance with the Korean Defse Specifications (KDS). Subsequtly, the K2C1 was selected by the ROK forces as their standard weapon. The K2C1 underwt various changes compared to the K2A, which included an extded handguard rail with optional lower and side Picatinny rail sections, a flattop upper receiver featuring a detachable rear backup sight, and a new Magpul CTR-like collapsible stock. As of 2016, approximately 200, 000 K2C1s were in active service with frontline troops. The K2C1 is slightly heavier than the original model, partly due to the screw attachmt method of its rail. The K2C1 weighs 3.684 kg (8.12 lb), while the original K2 weighed 3.37 kg (7.4 lb).
Six differt prototypes were made during the XB developmt. Of the 6 designs, the XB6 was selected. Some parts of the XB6 resembled the FN FNC such as the suppressor and sights. Further developmt of the XB6 evolved into the XB7 and finally the XB7C, also known as the XK2. Externally similar in appearance to the AR18, the K2 uses polymer for the forearm, pistol-grip and side-foldable buttstock. The fire control system and bolt carrier group are derived from the American M16 rifle,
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But few of the parts, including the bolt and carrier, are interchangeable with the M16. The gas operating system is derived from the AKM. The K2 uses the same magazine as the M16. The barrel rifling has 6 grooves, 185 mm (1-in-7.3) right hand twist. The K2 has 3 selective firing modes: semi-auto, 3-round burst, and full automatic.
The Republic of Korea Armed Forces originally planned to replace the tire K2 with new S&T Daewoo K11 dual-barrel air-burst weapon. However, high cost and skepticism over the effective firepower of the 20mm grade led to the decision to provide 2 K11s to each squad, keeping 2 gradiers as well. Consequtly, the standard 9-person infantry squad of the Republic of Korea Armed Forces is currtly equipped with 2 K2 rifles, 2 K2 rifles with K201 grade launcher, 2 K11 DAWs, 1 K3 light machine gun, and the rest with either K1 or K2.
The K2 is also sometimes used with bipods and 4× magnification scopes, in a role similar to the Designated Marksman Rifle. A more modern way to accessorize the K2 and K1 is to mount a now (limited) standard issue PVS-4K Rail Integration System. It consists of an aluminum body with a long, uninterrupted rail for optical/red-dot and night-vision sights and three other rails located on the bottom and both sides. The rails are of the Picatinny-type.
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Despite the shortest handguard ever se on any assault rifles, the K2C variants have had issues with overheating, and thus most of the K2's around the world are the original K2, with the barrel mostly exposed, unlike the K2C.
The K2 is also able to accept a brass catcher basket, as the South Korean army requires its soldiers to pick up and return empty cartridge cases after training sessions, both for financial reasons (the brass cases are recyclable) and for security reasons, as the soldier must prove he or she has actually expded the issued ammunition. This minimizes the risk of a soldier keeping unauthorized live ammunition which could be used in criminal activities.
Wh personnel from the South Korean army special command were invited to see the XB-series prototypes, they requested the developmt of a new submachine gun to quickly replace a series of differt weapons in their use. With no time to develop a new weapon, ADD made one based on the XB rifle prototypes called XB-S (short). It used a direct impingemt gas tube rather than a piston to achieve the required short lgth, which was faster to make since they had short-barrel CAR-15 designs to work off of and no time to redesign a new short gas piston. The barrel used 1:12 inch rifling to fire M193 rounds, as during its developmt there were no plans to adopt SS109 ammunition in the South Korean army. The shorted design was adopted as the K1A SMG in 1981 and issued to
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